Pendekatan Model Empiris untuk Prediksi Kehilangan Berat dan Laju Korosi AISI 304 pada Media Air Laut
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Penelitian sebelumnya telah melakukan evaluasi menggunakan pendekatan empiris untuk prediksi korosi pada baja karbon rendah dan baja paduan rendah. Namun, hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian serupa yang dilakukan untuk baja tahan karat. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menerapkan persamaan matematis guna mendapatkan model sederhana yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi laju korosi pada baja tahan karat akibat korosi air laut. Dalam penelitian ini, bahan yang digunakan adalah baja tahan karat komersial 304. Pengkajian sifat fisiokimia bahan ini meliputi analisis komposisi kimia, struktur mikro, serta sifat mekanik seperti kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan berasal dari speifikasi produk. Metode pengurangan berat digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat korosi, dilanjutkan dengan penerapan persamaan prediksi penurunan kehilangan berat. Analisis korosi selanjutnya didapatkan dari plotting kehilangan berat yang kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan pengukuran kualitas air laut dalam eksperiment dan foto makro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model dan eksperimen memiliki persentase kesalahan terbaik saat waktu perendaman mencapai 600 jam. Selain itu, persamaan model laju korosi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang mendekati hasil eksperimen dengan bertambahnya waktu perendaman. Dengan demikian, penggunaan pendekatan empiris dalam prediksi kehilangan berat dan laju korosi pada baja tahan karat memberikan kontribusi alternatif yang berharga dalam memperkirakan laju korosi pada jenis bahan ini. Selain itu, penggunaan model empiris ini juga mampu memprediksi laju korosi stainless steel di lingkungan laut, sehingga dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam merancang alternatif desain dengan material tersebut
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Abstract
Evaluation of the use of an empirical approach for corrosion prediction has been carried out on low carbon and low alloy steels, but it still limited for stainless steel. The aim of this research is applying a mathematical equation to obtain a simple model, so that it can evaluate the corrosion rate of stainless steel due to seawater corrosion. Commercial stainless steel 304 was used as the tested material. The physiochemical properties in terms of chemical composition and microstructure as well as mechanical properties which are tensile strength and hardness were evaluated. The weight loss method is used for corrosion rate measurement, and further applicate to the the weight loss prediction equation. Corrosion analysis was obtained from plotting weight loss confirmed by water quality measurements and photo macro. The results of weight loss by model and experiment have the best percentage error at immersion time of 600 hours. Meanwhile, the equation for the corrosion rate model has a trend closer to the experimental results with increasing immersion time. The use of empirical approachment for weight loss prediction on the stainless steel can provide the alternative contribution for its corrosion rate prediction, especially in the marine environment. These results can be an alternative design consideration for future.
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